(Bloomberg) -- European governments are racing to stave off an energy catastrophe this winter that’s threatening to dwarf the billions of euros of relief on offer for consumers and businesses.

Gas prices surged more than 35% on Monday as traders reacted to Russia’s decision to keep its main gas pipeline shut indefinitely. The euro slid to its lowest in two decades and equities fell. Policy makers are now grappling with how to curb demand dramatically, and also prevent wild market swings spilling into broader financial disruption. 

While gas storage sites are being filled quicker than expected, concerns remain over how Europe will replace lost flows from Russia when it gets cold and demand rises. Germany is unlikely to meet its target for filling natural gas storage sites to 95% by the start of November, according to people familiar with the matter. 

European energy ministers are set to discuss radical proposals to curb power prices when they hold an emergency meeting on Friday -- including gas-price caps and a suspension of power derivatives trading. 

Key Developments 

• Macron supports windfall tax
• Germany to keep two nuclear plants open through winter
• EU to discuss radical energy inventions
• Kremlin says Nord Stream is shut because of sanctions
• European stocks and the euro sink
• Europe looks set for energy rationing
• Nordic utilities get $33 billion aid as power markets fray
• Gas traders gather in Milan on Monday for their Gastech conference
• OPEC+, the oil alliance led by Saudi Arabia and Russia, cuts production

(Timestamps London.)

Uniper May Need More German Bailout (5:55 p.m.)

Uniper SE’s losses to replace missing Russian gas could reach 7 billion euros ($7 billion) as early as this month, which would force the German government to step up again to help out the utility, according to Chief Executive Officer Klaus-Dieter Maubach. 

“We got the stabilization package from the government, we have agreed with a 7 billion euros backstop to be reached in the fourth quarter, and it will definitely be earlier,” he said on the sidelines of the Gastech conference in Milan. “Most likely we will reach that ceiling in September already.”

Greece Counts on Coal Plants (5:20 p.m.)

Greece is planning to have all of its coal power stations active so they can be used as a last-resort measure in the winter, said Maria Rita Galli, chief executive officer of gas-grid operator Desfa. Gas importers in the country may also buy capacity in Italy’s storage facilities, she said on the sideline of the Gastech conference in Milan. Even though Greece has plenty of import capacity, it lacks facilities to store the fuel.

Gas Settles 15% Higher, Paring Earlier Gains (5:00 p.m.)

European benchmark gas futures closed 15% higher, after earlier jumping as much as 35%. Power also gave up some of its gains. Traders are weighing several factors, including higher gas stockpiles and the EU’s plans to intervene to control price surges. On top of that, gas demand is still relatively low before the heating season starts. “But of course as we approach the winter the lack of Nord Stream may be further reflected in prices,” said Jonathan Stern, a distinguished research fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. 

Germany to Keep Atomic Plants as Back-Up (5:00 p.m.)

Germany will keep two of its three remaining nuclear power plants on reserve in the event they’re needed to make up for a shortfall in electricity generation this winter, reversing a long-planned shutdown of the facilities.

“This way, we can act if worst comes to worst,” Economy Minister Robert Habeck said, adding that the government remains “committed to the nuclear exit.” The ruling coalition came under intense pressure to delay the final step in the phaseout of the country’s nuclear facilities after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine triggered a dramatic surge in energy prices.

Macron Backs EU-Wide Windfall Tax (4:07 p.m.)

French President Emmanuel Macron backed a EU-wide windfall tax on profits of energy companies, becoming the latest country to support the extraordinary measure to rein in the effects of a deepening crisis. He also wants more oversight on speculation on energy prices and said France would support a cap on Russian gas prices.      

Europe Devises Plan to Ease Prices (3:58 p.m.)

European energy ministers are set to call for coordinated power-demand reductions and emergency liquidity tools when they meet on Friday, according to a draft document from the Czech presidency. They will ask the Commission to propose intervention tools by mid-September, according to the draft document seen by Bloomberg. They will also invite the Commission to look at ways of using the carbon emissions trading system to ease high power prices.

EU to Help Power Producers (3:45 p.m.)

The emergency energy plan being developed by the European Union will allow support for electricity producers that are “facing liquidity challenges linked to volatility,” Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in a tweet. She said the plan, which she aims to present next week before the parliament, will also look to reduce peak electricity demand, cap the price of Russian pipeline gas, and support vulnerable consumers and businesses.

Uniper CEO Bemoans Germany’s Lack of LNG Capacity (3:10 p.m.)

Germany’s lack of liquefied natural gas import terminals is making the nation’s energy crisis more acute, according to Klaus-Dieter Maubach, chief executive of Uniper SE. 

“In Germany, we don’t have options,” he said at the Gastech conference in Milan. “We would be able to replace a lion share of Russian gas if we had infrastructure.”

Natural gas prices in Europe are likely to ease from today’s elevated levels, according to Maubach. However, there are no indications prices will get back to low levels soon.

European Coal Prices Hit Record (3:10 p.m.)

The continent’s benchmark coal price rose 7.6% to a record $345/ton, about three times the price of a year ago. Year-ahead futures for delivery to the Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Antwerp region rose after Europe revived dormant coal power plants to save gas that would have otherwise been used for electricity generation.

Germany’s Gas Storage Target in Jeopardy (2:41 p.m.)

Germany is unlikely to meet its target for filling gas storage sites to 95% by the start of November following the latest Russian supply cut, according to people familiar with the matter. While Europe’s largest economy is ahead of schedule in its efforts to boost winter reserves, the indefinite halt of the key Nord Stream pipeline jeopardizes further refilling, the people said. 

Homes Would Be Shielded From Rationing (2:30 p.m.)

Private households and small businesses with a maximum gas consumption of 500 kwh per hour and a yearly consumption of 1500 Mwh would enjoy special protection in the case of a gas emergency in Germany, according to a paper by the regulator. Social services, childcare institutions, schools, universities, local administration, utilities, fire fighters, police, military and prisons would also be among protected institutions.

Sempra in Talks to Supply LNG to Europe (1:23 p.m.)

US LNG exporter Sempra Infrastructure is in preliminary discussions with European companies to sell the fuel from the next phases of its plant in Texas, the company’s president Dan Brouillette said in an interview at a conference in Milan. Sempra is also considering joint ventures and partnerships to build LNG import terminals in Europe and elsewhere, he said, as the energy crunch presents an opportunity “to help our friends and allies.”

EU Considers Measures to Ease Prices (12:56 p.m.)

The European Union is weighing new gas benchmarks and price caps to tackle soaring costs. As a last resort in case of supply disruption in Europe, the EU could also explore temporarily pegging the Dutch Title Transfer Facility -- the virtual gas marketplace whose main index is used for long-term contracts in Europe -- to the JKM Asian benchmark as a dynamic cap. Member states will also discuss a price cap on imported Russian gas and administrative pricing during emergencies for regions hardest hit by supply disruptions. 

Low Market Liquidity in Focus (12:50 p.m.)

Shrinking liquidity in energy markets, which is exacerbating sharp price moves, is coming to the attention of EU governments before an emergency meeting of energy ministers on Friday. The Czech Republic, which will chair the gathering as the holder of the EU rotating presidency, wants to discuss immediate support with credit lines, possibly involving the European Central Bank, according to a document shared with member states on Monday and seen by Bloomberg News. 

The note, which also mentions gas price caps and making use of the EU carbon market to help curb power prices, complements a menu of tools outlined by the European Commission last week. The Czech presidency suggested that the bloc could agree to temporarily modify requirements for collateral in electricity trading or subject the trading of energy futures to specific bands.

Netherlands Plans Windfall Tax (12:45 p.m.)

The Dutch government is working on a plan to make 16 billion euros ($16 billion) of funding available to alleviate the burden of high energy prices on citizens.

The package would be financed through a combination of a windfall tax on companies extracting oil and gas, higher income from the Groningen gas field, and a profit-tax increase on small and medium-sized enterprises, according to people familiar with the situation.

Macron and Scholz to Speak Monday (12:45 p.m.)

French President Emmanuel Macron will discuss energy issues with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz during a video conference on Monday at 3pm local time, Macron’s office said. 

Germany Nuclear Stress Tests Due Monday (11:22 a.m.)

Germany said it will present the results of a keenly awaited report studying the feasibility of extending operations at some of its nuclear plants beyond the end of the year. Germany has been inching toward keeping its three remaining reactors open as it faces its worst energy shortages in decades.

Kremlin Blames Nord Stream Halt on Sanctions (10.52 p.m.)

The complete halt of the pipeline is entirely due to European sanctions, including Germany and the UK, according to Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov. “There are no other reasons that would lead to problems” with gas supplies via Nord Stream, Peskov reiterated on a conference call with reporters on Monday. 

European Solidarity at Risk (10:15 a.m.)

German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock warned of a breakdown of European solidarity as supplies tighten during winter. The central question will be “whether we’ll be able to secure gas supply for all people in Europe or not,” Baerbock told a meeting of German ambassadors in Berlin Monday. “We will be put through a hard test by this question.” A breakdown of European gas solidarity would be a victory for Russian President Vladimir Putin, she warned.

Austria Says No Disruption for End Users (10:02 a.m.)

Austrian regulators reported that there’s no disruption in supplies to end users, and that current supply is sufficient as long as there are no further curtailments. OMV AG, the country’s biggest fossil-fuel provider, said it was receiving only 30% of contracted gas volumes after Nord Stream’s shutdown. The country’s storage depots are about 68% full and currently on track to reach 80% by the first week of October, according to the latest data published by Gas Infrastructure Europe. 

German Relief Insufficient, ING Says (9:41 a.m.)

Germany’s 65 billion euros of aid to help citizens deal with high energy prices probably won’t stave off an economic downturn, according to ING Groep NV. The country on Sunday announced measures including higher subsidies for lower-income households, payments to students and pensioners, and a cap on power prices. The full program may not become operational this year, and with little support for companies or households that don’t receive social transfers, “the package will probably fall short in preventing the broader economy from falling into recession,” the bank said. 

Utilities, Industrial Shares Sink (9:20 a.m.)

Sectors most exposed to the energy crisis are bearing the brunt of the market selloff. Steelmaker Thyssenkrupp AG, car-parts manufacturer Valeo, chemicals firm BASF SE, cement maker Cie de Saint-Gobain and gas utility Uniper SE are among the worst performers in Europe on Monday. There’s growing fear that companies may have to scale back production further because of surging energy costs.

Italians Tire of Sanctions, Poll Says (8:50 a.m.)

A growing number of Italians want to remove sanctions against Russia to counter spiraling gas prices and inflation, according to a recent poll. A Termometro Politico survey published Saturday said 51% of respondents want to lift sanctions, with 44% in favor of keeping them. As many as 37% of Italians think it was wrong to impose them in the first place, according to a Quorum/YouTrend poll for SkyTG24 published Monday. 

Power Prices Jump (8:45 a.m.)

Wholesale power prices rose across Europe as the Nord Stream cut pushed up the cost of running gas-fired power plants. German power for next month rose as much as 16%, while the benchmark year-ahead price jumped 33% to 675 euros per megawatt-hour. That benchmark spiked above 1,000 euros early last week. 

Hungary’s Flows are Fine (8:30 a.m.)

Gas deliveries to Hungary are uninterrupted, Foreign Ministry State Secretary Tamas Menczer told public television M1 on Monday. The country, which has opposed drastic sanctions on Moscow, is receiving Russian gas through the TurkStream link via the Black Sea, the only pipeline route through which supplies haven’t been disrupted this year. Russia is even providing Hungary with additional volumes of gas, on top of their contract, according to Hungarian officials.

German Storage Keeps Building (7:33 a.m.)

The EU has been building up its gas stockpiles to offset a Russian cutoff, and with storage sites nearly 82% full it has a buffer for at least part of the winter. Storage sites in the region’s powerhouse Germany are now 86% filled, according to Gas Infrastructure Europe. But Klaus Mueller, president of the Federal Network Agency energy regulator warned last month that even with gas storage at 95%, there would only be enough for 2 1/2 months of demand if Russia switched off flows. 

European Gas Leaps (7:15 am)

Natural gas prices surged in response to the Nord Stream news. 

“Given the gas supply tightness, one cannot exclude mandatory gas curtailment for non-essential industries or even ‘rolling gasouts’ this winter depending on the weather,” analysts at JPMorgan said in a note. Goldman Sachs predicted that European prices could approach the highs set in August after Russia’s move.

Gas Flows Via Ukraine are Stable (6:30 a.m.)

Russian gas supplies via Ukraine remain stable, data show. Flows have been curbed since May when one of two crossing points was put out of service. With Nord Stream shut, there’s going to be renewed focus on the flows via Ukraine. Norwegian gas flows are also curbed because of seasonal works. 

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